How To Prevent Juvenile Delinquency Criminology Essay

How To Prevent Juvenile Delinquency Criminology Essay There is a saying that history often repeats itself. If this is a true saying, then society will have to deal with the complex issue of juveniles delinquents, who may eventually become adult criminals, as societies in time past dealt with the same conflict. Moreover, if this saying is true then the community in which juvenile delinquencies exist must have the tools necessary to divert the youth from crime. If one is to convert delinquent youths behavior, they need to be able to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivisms. Furthermore, understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency is an important key in its prevention. In order to understand the cause of juvenile delinquency, the history of the juvenile justice and varies approach to prevent it need to be examined. The history of the juvenile justice in the United States began during the colonial period. Before it inception the family was the main origin of social control of the youth (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.5). However, In the 1800s, the state seeing growth of developing cites and the effect it was having on the young population, they felt the need to develop a system to control the youth (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.6). Therefore, the Juvenile Justice system was developed by the government because of the changing demographics in cities. As a result, the government was now actively practicing the concept of parens patriae thru the court. Moreover, the juvenile justice reformers sought to make a change to the objectives of the juvenile justice system, including the rights of youth. In earlier years, child offenders above the age of seven were treated and incarcerated like adult offenders (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.5). The treatment of youths had created distaste among the reformers towards jail terms for juveniles; they desired a system to be more compliance with the due process of law. Furthermore, the reformer was seeking to convert from what they saw as inhumane treatment of the juvenile therefore, facility such as the house of refuge was started. The earliest Reformatory Refuge was built in 1825 and was called the New York Hoses of Refuge (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.9). It was not until 1890s when the Progressive Era commenced in the US that individual states started setting up rehabilitating centers (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.10). There was a feeling during the progressive era stating that the justice system should take the responsibility to recover the lives of young offenders before they were absorbed into criminal activities. The parenting responsibility was been exerted by states to give juveniles an opportunity to return to their former condition. By 1967, most of the cases of juvenile delinquency were tried in juvenile courts. This meant Persons under the age of 18 were tried in juvenile courts. This was due to the ruling by the Supreme Court that it was necessary for the juvenile courts to use the due process of law. The approach after the decision was to encourage the states to develop plans that would discourage juvenile delinquency. In this context the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act 1968 were passed. The Act was later strengthen by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. In this effort, the (OJJDP) established The Runaway Youth Program and The National Institute for Juvenile justice and Delinquency Prevention. The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act 1968 law was later replaced by The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 1974. However, the movement received a setback when there was an increase in juvenile crimes during 1980s and 1990s. The first stakeholder is the youth that commits crime. He has all the rights that are promised to adults under the constitution. It is necessary to understand that legally a youth should have more rights than an adult has. The same justice system cannot be used for youths. Other stakeholders are the parents. The parents have the primary responsibility for ensuring that their wards do not commit crimes. The government whether state, federal, or local, are also stakeholders, which have the dual responsibility of protecting the community as well as rehabilitating the juvenile. The Finally stakeholders is the community. The community interest in fighting juveniles recidivism is beneficial to the safe of the community. Therefore, community safety is an understandable reason to start community-based program. Moreover, studies have shown that many community -based correctional programs reduce recidivism and are less expensive than confinement (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p.210). Communities felt that strong action is was necessary to prevent juvenile offenders as a deterrent. Some advocates believed childhood intervention programs were having an impact on future juvenile delinquency and criminality rates (Zigler, Edward, Taussig. 1992)  Ã‚   (3.A complete description of issue addressed.) The issues involved juvenile delinquency includes juvenile placement in criminal procedure. The issue deal the treated of juvenile who commit crimes like adults. The problem is whether the crime juvenile commit dictate that they should the type punishment as their adult counterpart. The courts often are face with the decision when a juvenile commit what is other wise considered an adult crime (Bartollas Miller, 2008, p. 155). Another issue of juvenile delinquency is the severity of the offense the juvenile commit. Status offenses are behavior committed by juvenile that they can be arrested. Such as truancy, drinking, runaways, and general ungovernability, how can these stop status offenses. This issue led to the question; to what extent can the parents be held responsible for supervision of children? Moreover, if the parents cannot be maintain their children what are the local resources available at them? Other issues of discussion are the subject of juvenile drug use. Moreover, what is been done to eliminate this problem. On the other hand, the existence of after-school recreational activities or sport can reduce juvenile delinquency by a great extent. This type deterrent once again would require parents involvement. On the other hand, if peer pressure is applied by juvenile delinquency, the parent needs to be alert to such problems and must seek intervention early on to be more effective (Welsh Farrington, 2007, p. 871). (4 A detailed analysis of possible strategies and intervention designed to stop juvenile delinquency) Parental guidance and good home life are the best overall approach to stop juvenile delinquency. However, in today modern society parents are not always capable of providing the necessary guidance to their children. Therefore, there need to be other possible strategies and interventions designed to stop juvenile delinquency. In that context, there are strategies and interventions that have been developed to assist parents in the venture. First all offense regardless of the severity should be dealt with expeditiously. Furthermore, the parent should adopt the three point strategy of supervision, prevention of drugs and introduce activities to the children (Koffman, Ray,  Berg,  Covington,  Albarran,  Ã‚  Vasquez,  et al. 2003). Maury Nation and other devised programs to disseminate effective prevention strategies. Their programs took information from other programs to develop a better program. In their research, they found that effective programs included teaching, positive role model and informed planning and implementation of problem-specific prevention interventions programs (Nation,  Crusto, Wandersman, Kumpfer,  Ã‚  et al., 2003, pp. 449-456). 3. If there is any doubt an advocacy group should be contacted at the earliest (5. A comprehensive list and weighing of alternatives, both pro and cons, to the stop juvenile delinquency.) The alternative that Every minor offense including truancy should be treated quickly and seriously by the parents and school attendance should be given the greatest importance has the pro that juvenile delinquency can be stopped at the incipient stage and school can play an important part in preventing juvenile delinquency. The con is that often parents are not aware of truancy and come to know of it when it is too late. The alternative that parents should use the three-point strategy of supervision, prevention of drugs and introduce activities to the children had the pro that its implementation can surely stop juvenile delinquency. In addition, it is a multi-pronged strategy, which has worked well. Furthermore, it contributes to the holistic development of children. The first cons are that parents that hold jobs which make it difficult to supervise and therefore, cannot implement this strategy. The second con is the fact that parents who need training is required to implement this strategy. The alternative of If there is any doubt an advocacy group should be contacted at the earliest has the pro that advocacy group can provide expert guidance to the parents. Further, the advocacy group can devise strategies for particular youth. The con is that in most cases the advocacy group is contacted after serious crimes are committed or the case becomes difficult. For instance, advocacy groups are contacted after the child is addicted to drugs. (6. a prediction for how juveniles justice prevention and intervention strategies will be handled over at least the next two decades) Over the next two decades education and community involvement should be major strategies in order to help prevent juvenile delinquency. In the arena of education if a child is exposing to education at an earlier age and given a robust foundation in learning, the youth have a chance to endure. For example, if organizations such as the PTA will take a proactive role in the intervention of trouble kids at a young age this will be helpful. This is a venue where the parents and educator both are able to contribute to the child development. In addition, future prevention and intervention in the juvenile justice will depend on those actually involved in the juvenile justice system. If probation officers and youth detention centers do not take an actually role in future intervention of juvenile delinquency any other strategies will not be successful. Probation and correction will need to look for ways to encourage the juvenile to find alternative means of using their energy. Furthermore, the government will have to provide more funds to the juvenile justice system. With more funds, the juvenile justice system will be able to find qualified employees. In addition, the juvenile justice system, especially the correctional agencies, must provide guidelines to help the juveniles develop. When juvenile are committed to juvenile detention the focus needs to be centered on educational development and alternative activity instead of the gang activity. The detention center of the future will need to be more conductive to a juvenile community surrounding. For example, detention center should offer schools, medical clinics, and recreation facilities so that youth will not have cultural shock. Technology should play an important role in probation as an alternative to detention as well. Monitoring devices such as GPS ankle bracelet should be use more in the future. However, the finally part of the equation in intervention is the youth. If all the fore mention action are taken, and the youth fail to participate the process will be voided. Therefore, the primary contact of the youth, the family will need to undergo training when a problem arises. Parents are sometime overwhelmed with parenting duties and working at the same time and need to learn how to manage their time to be more effective. Some parents do not have the necessary parenting skills to raise their children; therefore, parenting classes should be available to assist them. In conclusion, society will have to deal with the complex burden of juveniles delinquent, who may eventually become adult criminals. Moreover, the community in which juvenile delinquencies exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth from crime. In order to change delinquent the juvenile need the juvenile justice system itself need to change policy and procedure to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivisms. Furthermore, an honest effort need to be made to understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency is an important key in its prevention. The families, communities and the government must be willing to work together for the greater good of the juvenile. Therefore, understanding the cause of juvenile delinquency and the history of the juvenile justice will be an important part of the success of preventing juvenile delinquency. When studying the history of the juvenile justice in the United States, need to be focus on the core issue of delinquency, the juvenile. Speaking from a personal point of view, I believe rehabilitation instead of confinement is the best form of correction. However, I do realizes that not all juvenile offend will conform to the rule set forward by the courts and probation agencies. Therefore, when the juvenile are place in detention centers they should be afforded the service to help them prevent a life of crime.

Employee Engagement and Grievance Handling Essay

Title of the Project Employee Engagement and Grievance Handling Process Statement about the Problem This topic has been chosen because in every organization, employee engagement activities are conducted as employee  productivity  is clearly connected with employee engagement. It is a  business management  concept. An â€Å"engaged employee† is one who is fully involved in, and enthusiastic about his work, and thus will act in a way that furthers their  organization’s interests. Thus, engagement is distinctively different from employee satisfaction, motivation and organizational culture. An integral part of employee engagement is a strong grievance handling mechanism. Objectives and Scope of Study a. Analyze the Employee Engagement activities that are being done at ‘Indigo’and the outcomes of these activities. b. Understand the process mapping for employee engagement. c. Techniques used for engaging employees in our organizationd. Grievance handling process e. Introduction and types of grievances. f. Discuss the grievance handling process at organizational, process, project ; individual levelg. Methods used in grievance handling h. Understand how Employee Engagement activities and Grievance Handling processes go hand in hand. Methodology Research methodology talks about data collection of the project work. The data collection as such is divided into:I. Primary Data a. Questionnaire survey b. Face-to-face discussion with existing employees who are there in the organization for more than six months or so. c. Discussion with Human Resource specialists. II. Secondary Data 1) Journals 2) Company records and reports 3) Internet Searches 4) External websites 5) On line survey conducted by company.

Little Mermaid Essay

Jackeline Elizabeth Chang Chang 1 Ms. Carr EMS30 24TH, March, 2010 The Little Mermaid The Little Mermaid is a film made in November, 17th, 1989. It was written by John Musker and Ron Clements. This is the story of a mermaid named Ariel, youngest daughter of King Triton, who is dissatisfied with life in the sea. She longs to be with the humans above the surface. She dreams of going on land. She is often caught in arguments with her father over those â€Å"barbaric fish-eaters†. Her father also forbids her to go on land. She goes to meet Ursula, the Sea Witch, to strike a deal, but Ursula has bigger plans for this mermaid and her father. Ariel is the type of girl that wants everything to go her way. She does everything she pleases. In the movie Ariel portrays a character that symbolizes a normal teen. Disobedient, demanding, will powered and very independent. She is 16 years and wants to follow her dreams no matter what anyone says. Ariel as a princess of her father, King Triton, must act and behave like one. King Triton is very controlling and have many arguments with her. As king he demands and expects good from everyone, especially his daughters, including Ariel. He wants Ariel not to go to the surface because it’s dangerous and doesn’t want her to be involved with humans. Knowing Ariel she disobeys and goes anyways. Here we see that Ariel is doing what she wants. Demonstrating her will power. Ariel is not alone when she goes on her adventures above the waters, she has her best friend Flounder, he is a yellow and blue Chang 2 coloured fish. He is seen to be younger. As a male character, Flounder scares easily and is prone to panicking under stressful situations, but when Ariel is in trouble he comes through for her without hesitation. After an initial argument over Ariel over her latest trip to the surface, Triton orders his loyal servant, Sebastian, to keep an eye on her. Sebastian is a crab, he is known for his Caribbean accent. He follows Ariel and tries to keep her out of trouble. He tries his best to watch for Ariel, and helps her in anyway he can. He is very loyal and honest and wants to please the King. Ursula is another character in the movie, she is an octopus person sea witch who â€Å"helps† unfortunate mermaids to achieve her own goals. Her appearance is of an obese purple-skinned, white-haired female human with a facial mole, but from the waist down she has six black tentacles. She is very cruel and dominant. Ursula commands her minions, the twin moray eels, to watch Ariel, who might be â€Å"the key to Triton's undoing†. Ursula forms her plan to seize power around Ariel's forbidden love for the human Prince Eric. Ariel has many journeys in this movie. From finding human treasures to falling in love with a human prince. In disobeying her father to going up the surface she finds her true love. All of a sudden a storm hits, everyone manages to escape to the lifeboat except for Eric, who swims back to save his dog, Max. In the process he almost drowns, but he is saved by Ariel. She drags him to shore and sings to him, but before he can regain consciousness fully, Max and Grimsby arrive, forcing Ariel to dive underwater. Ariel wants to meet him again and be with him. At that time, Sebastian and Flounder were with Chang 3 her when she was with Prince Eric. Sebastian tries to do the job given to him, and is horrified when Ariel saves the life of and falls in love with a human. Sebastian accidentally lets this information slip to King Triton, who confronts Ariel. King Triton is furious with Ariel and destroys all her human treasure that she has kept in her secret place. Ariel is hurt and angry. She goes on another journey where Flotsam and Jetsam, Ursula’s minion’s, persuade Ariel to go to Ursula's lair, claiming that the sea witch is the only one who can solve her problem. Ariel knowing she is not allowed to talk or even be with her because she was banished from Atlantica. Goes with them and agrees with Ursula’s plan. She is being disobedient and doing what she pleases. Ursula plan is to take her voice and she will give her human legs. She has to kiss Eric within 3 days, or else she belongs, her soul, to Ursula. She has Ariel sign a contract to have proof that Ariel made a deal with her. What Ariel doesn’t know is that she never kiss Eric because Ursula has planned it like that. So she can have the Triton’s power. Ariel soon learns Ursula whole plan in tricking her, but it’s too late, she can’t do a thing. Ariel puts her father and even Eric’s life in danger. She put the whole sea life in danger. When you do anything wrong and be disobedient , there are always consequences, no matter what, This what Ariel got for being disobedient in going up to the surface. At the end, of course Ursula loses her powers and King Triton gains back his power. He see’s what Eric, a human, has done. He knows that he was wrong about all humans, and gains respect for Ariel. With the approval of her father she does marry Eric and everyone is happy. King Triton has learned that Ariel was right about humans, and that Ariel is very independent. He has Chang 4 changed his views about humans and his daughter. Ariel has know followed her dreams, even though it almost cost her life and father‘s, to marry her true love, a human, prince Eric. Even tough her adventures and journeys has caused trouble, at the end it all came out good. She marry’s Eric, She has made friends with Sebastian, and has gained her respect and trust with her father again. The social values that are described in this movie are gender values. There is that stereotype of a princess, Ariel, always ending up marrying their true love. This is what happened. Ariel marry’s Eric. Ariel also portrays a stereotype of a typical teen, she disobeys, independent and has will power. Most teens resemble her personality. Another stereotype is the villain. There always has to be an antagonist in the movie. The villain gains and has power at one point, and they even go through with their plan, but at the end they always end up losing, or dieing. In this case, this is what happened to Ursula. Lastly, a demanding or controlling person is always portrayed, in this case that would be King Triton. He looks out for Ariel and wants things to go his ways. Men are always demanding, and they want the will power. A father always, no matter what, looks out for his daughter, and this is what King Triton portrays. In conclusion, The little Mermaid created by John Musker and Ron Clements was a good movie indeed. It demonstrates how love has power, even for a mermaid. Journeys and adventures have purposes, even though they get you into trouble. Ariel followed her dreams of her heart. She disobeyed her father many times, made a deal with Ursula the Chang 5 sea witch, put her father, Eric and even the whole sea in jeopardy. All for the cause of true love. She marry’s her Prince and gains respect from the whole sea. All because Ariel was a will powered, independent and demanding teenage girl.

Epidemiology in the Elderly with Heart Disease - 1769 Words

Epidemiology in the Elderly with Heart Disease Epidemiology in the Elderly with Heart Disease Public health promotes healthy living for each community through epidemiology. Disease prevention and control is the common goal of epidemiology, nursing practice, and public health. â€Å"Epidemiology is the study of the population in order to monitor the health of the population, understand the determinants of health and disease in the community, and investigate and evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain health† (Stanhope Lancaster. 2008). Epidemiologists have developed many parameters to slow the spread of disease. For example, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and†¦show more content†¦Further testing such as echocardiograms and nuclear scan will help to reveal more information about the structure of the heart and its function. Cardiac catheterization, a more invasive study, may be necessary to help determine treatment or provide a map for surgery. The elderly need to be considered frail and may be to o weak to undergo such invasive testing. Although treatment for young and elderly is about the same, the age of the person needs to be taken into account when doing invasive testing. By the age of 65, the heart beats more than 100,000 times a day. It has pumped about 2,000 gallons of blood through 60,000 miles of blood vessels each day. The heart is the largest muscle in the body. Even at the age of 65, it has many more years of service. As people age the natural physiologic changes decrease the efficiency of the heart. The older the heart becomes the less elastic the muscle becomes, so it is not able to relax completely between each beat. The wall of the heart thickens, especially the chambers that are responsible for pumping the blood. The thickening of the walls causes the heart to enlarge. 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